Frequency-converter.



R. E. PICHON C A. MEIssNER.

FREQUENCY CONVERTER. APPLICATION FILED IuLY19, 1913.

1,169,676. y Patented Jan. 25, 1916.

y ZWW UNITED STATES PATENT oEFioE. y

PAUL FERNAND PICHON AND ALEXANDER MEISSNER, 0F BERLIN, GERMANY, ASSIGN- ORS '21.0v GESELLSCHAFT FR DRAHTLOSE TELEGRAPHIE M. B. H., OF BERLIN,

GERMANY.

Specification of Letters Patent.

FREQUENCY-CONVERTER.

Patented Jan. 25, 1916.

Application led July 19, 1913. Serial No. 780,037.

To all lwhom t may concern Be it known that we, PAUL FERRAND '.PiCHoN, a citizen of the French Republic,

The invention is illustrated in the accom!" panying drawing, which shows iron cores ofl the character described.

In buildingjelectric.transformers a simple means isvknown to the art for reducing theV iron .losses due to eddy currents, by increasing' the cross sectional area, of the core.

. Thus other conditions being alike the inonly one-half the loss is incurred.

duction per unit ofA area is thereby reduced'. The losses per kilogram of iron, at least the principal losses due to eddy currents, decrease with the square of the induction, that is to say, at one half` theinduction per unit of area the eddy current losses are reduced to one-quarter. f Owing to the increase of the 4total amount-of iron to twice the amount, a

decrease in eddy current losses is therefore obtained inthe same proportion 1n which 'the weight of the iron employed increases per kilo-volt-ampere transmitted energy, in

other words,`with twice the vamount of iron In the construction of converters for converting the frequency of`oscillating energy, in particular at high frequencies, it was of course obvious from the beginning to anyone skilled vinthe art that the chief difficulty to overcome in the construction resides in the reducing ofthe iron losses, which losses soon limit the eiliciency of the entire arrangement which operates at a periodicity of from 5000 to 200,000 per second. To overcomethese difficulties to a certainextent, the thickness of the sheet iron has been reduced as .far as possible, which means is known in the art.

From theV foregoing, however, it was obarea ofthe iron core, so .astode'crease the vlosses by increasing the volume per kw; This expedient has proven to be inefficientv in case it is high frequencies which` are concerned in thetransformation.y Experiments 'have shown, on the contrary, that itis neces- Sary to considerably reduce lthe weight of the employed iron per kw transformed r'energy to a considerable extent, instead of increasing itas the experience in the art has heretofore taught. This appears to be surprising and contrary to known laws. Careful contemplation, supported by many eX- periments, has shown that the increase of the `amount of iron can not help in this case, because it isnot possible to reduce in such converters the induction per unit of area in thet'same degree as is done in ordinary transformers. On the contrary the working `condition of frequency converters of the character employed by us demands the use of an induction 1n the core, which is so high that it is near the limit of magnetic saturation. If, therefore, the cross sectional area yof the iron should be increased, las anyone skilled inI the art would suggest immediately, the losses in our novel converter increase. Cores with such high saturation are chiefly employed in converters of the character shown and described, for instance, in the British Patent to Imray #11526 of 1911. Now` according to our present invention, the total volume of the iron employed, instead of being increased is reduced to a minimum. How large the difference is between the relative amount of iron in ordi nary transformers and in our novel. converter may be best seen from the fact that in ordinary transformers, such as are em: ployed in the electrical art, iron volumes of fromtwo to ten kilograms are necessary for the transforming of one kilo-volt-ampere energy, whereas in converters of our construction for converting higher periodicities, accordingto the periodicity employed, iron volumes of at most one-half kilogram per plo ed.

wing to the unusual heating of the core artificial cooling is necessary. Oil cooling has proven to be most effective in this-case. However, the ordinary transformer oil is not, very well suited for this purpose, be-

cause it deteriorates after a short while,

owing to the great heat. Weliave found, on the other-hand, paraffin oil most effectiv of all.

.The converter core may have any construction, so far as its form is-concerned,

whichj's desired. v y Ill the: dlWIlgSr-Figure 1 shows'a pair pose.

In both figures 1 indicates an iron core l divided into two or more parts separated from each other by insulating bars 2 or the like, each part being composed of sheet iron. The cores are lodged in vats 3 containing oil. By spacing apart the core sections as shown, vertical channels are formed through which the oil can freely rise for the purpose of better cooling the converter.

Claims:

1. An iron core for frequency converters being magnetically highly saturated and an verted of not more than 0.5 kilogram perv kilo-volt-ampere converted energy.

`2. A11 iron core for frequency converters being magnetically highly saturated and an t iron volume' relatively to the energy con verted of not more than 0.5 kilogram per kilo-volt-ampere converted energy, and

'means for cooling said co're.`

In testimony whereof We aiix our signatures in presence of two Witnesses.

PAULV FERNAND PICHON. ALEXANDER MEISSNER. Witnesses:

HENRY HASPER, WOLDEMAR HAUPT. 

